Journal: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

Article Title: Ocean acidification and warming affect skeletal mineralization in a marine fish

doi: 10.1098/rspb.2018.2187

Figure Lengend Snippet: Little skate L. erinacea (a) skeleton was sampled (b, jaw; c, vertebra; d, wing with denticles; e, crus) to determine cartilage mineralization (as hydroxyapatite density) using micro-CT imaging. From each scan, a three-dimensional model was used to measure and compare mineralization across different treatments. Measurements of skates and each part sampled are indicated (i, disc length; ii, disc width; iii, jaw width; iv, vertebra length; v, wing width; vi, crus length).

Article Snippet: Skeletal elements were grouped by type across treatments, mounted in extruded polystyrene rigid foam to eliminate shifts during procedure and scanned with a standard for hydroxyapatite (Scanco Medical) in a plastic container.

Techniques: Micro-CT, Imaging

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Rapid Fabrication of Anatomically-Shaped Bone Scaffolds Using Indirect 3D Printing and Perfusion Techniques

doi: 10.3390/ijms21010315

Figure Lengend Snippet: Phase contrast images show that both polylactic acid polymer (PLA) ( A ) and PLA-hydroxyapatite (HA) ( B ) scaffolds are highly porous and interconnected. Images were captured with a 4× objective.

Article Snippet: For the PLA-hydroxyapatite composite (PLA-HA) scaffold, dissolved PLA was mixed with 20% ( w / v ) hydroxyapatite powder (less than 10 μm in particle size, from Hitemco Medical, Old Bethpage, NY, USA).

Techniques:

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Rapid Fabrication of Anatomically-Shaped Bone Scaffolds Using Indirect 3D Printing and Perfusion Techniques

doi: 10.3390/ijms21010315

Figure Lengend Snippet: The cells demonstrated high viability throughout the period of observation as demonstrated by Calcein AM staining. Representative images of cells grown on PLA-HA scaffold are shown. ( A ) day 1, ( B ) day 3, ( C ) day 5, ( D ) day 7). Bar equals to 50 µm and applied to all the images.

Article Snippet: For the PLA-hydroxyapatite composite (PLA-HA) scaffold, dissolved PLA was mixed with 20% ( w / v ) hydroxyapatite powder (less than 10 μm in particle size, from Hitemco Medical, Old Bethpage, NY, USA).

Techniques: Staining

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Rapid Fabrication of Anatomically-Shaped Bone Scaffolds Using Indirect 3D Printing and Perfusion Techniques

doi: 10.3390/ijms21010315

Figure Lengend Snippet: A higher density of cells was observed on the PLA-HA scaffold ( B ) than on the PLA scaffold ( A ) as shown by epi fluorescent imaging of 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining (images were obtained after five days of culture using a lower magnification objective for a larger field of view).

Article Snippet: For the PLA-hydroxyapatite composite (PLA-HA) scaffold, dissolved PLA was mixed with 20% ( w / v ) hydroxyapatite powder (less than 10 μm in particle size, from Hitemco Medical, Old Bethpage, NY, USA).

Techniques: Imaging, Staining

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Rapid Fabrication of Anatomically-Shaped Bone Scaffolds Using Indirect 3D Printing and Perfusion Techniques

doi: 10.3390/ijms21010315

Figure Lengend Snippet: HA-incorporated scaffold demonstrated significantly higher osteoinductivity than PLA only scaffold as demonstrated by the Alkaline-Phosphatase (ALP) activity. * indicates p < 0.01.

Article Snippet: For the PLA-hydroxyapatite composite (PLA-HA) scaffold, dissolved PLA was mixed with 20% ( w / v ) hydroxyapatite powder (less than 10 μm in particle size, from Hitemco Medical, Old Bethpage, NY, USA).

Techniques: Activity Assay

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Rapid Fabrication of Anatomically-Shaped Bone Scaffolds Using Indirect 3D Printing and Perfusion Techniques

doi: 10.3390/ijms21010315

Figure Lengend Snippet: HA-incorporated scaffolds show significantly higher calcium deposition than the PLA-only scaffold. * indicates p < 0.01.

Article Snippet: For the PLA-hydroxyapatite composite (PLA-HA) scaffold, dissolved PLA was mixed with 20% ( w / v ) hydroxyapatite powder (less than 10 μm in particle size, from Hitemco Medical, Old Bethpage, NY, USA).

Techniques:

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Rapid Fabrication of Anatomically-Shaped Bone Scaffolds Using Indirect 3D Printing and Perfusion Techniques

doi: 10.3390/ijms21010315

Figure Lengend Snippet: HA incorporated porous scaffold shows significantly higher compressive modulus ( A ) and strength ( B ) than the PLA only scaffold ( p < 0.01).

Article Snippet: For the PLA-hydroxyapatite composite (PLA-HA) scaffold, dissolved PLA was mixed with 20% ( w / v ) hydroxyapatite powder (less than 10 μm in particle size, from Hitemco Medical, Old Bethpage, NY, USA).

Techniques:

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Rapid Fabrication of Anatomically-Shaped Bone Scaffolds Using Indirect 3D Printing and Perfusion Techniques

doi: 10.3390/ijms21010315

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematics of the workflow. ( A ) The PLA polymer was dissolved in dichloromethane (green indicates the PLA solution) and mixed with NaCl (black) and loaded into the PVA mold (red). ( B ) The dichloromethane was removed by perfusing with 100% ethanol (blue indicates the solid PLA). ( C ) A 3D printed mold using acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS, yellow) was added to cover the original PVA mold. ( D ) NaCl porogens were removed by perfusing with water. ( E ) An anatomically-shaped scaffold was generated after removing the ABS and PVA molds (white indicates the pores).

Article Snippet: For the PLA-hydroxyapatite composite (PLA-HA) scaffold, dissolved PLA was mixed with 20% ( w / v ) hydroxyapatite powder (less than 10 μm in particle size, from Hitemco Medical, Old Bethpage, NY, USA).

Techniques: Generated